IM Universal Language

Menand said, "Texting has accelerated tendancy toward the Englishing of world languages. First, explain in your own words the meaning of this sentence. Then respond to the following assertion by Menand: "texting has probably done some damages to the plant's cultural ecology, to lingo Diversity. People are better able to communicate across national borders, but at some cost to variation."


In this article, Menand mean that phone messages and instant messages are increased, so textures are more likely tend to write their texts in English due to the simplicity of this language.


I’m surprised when I wanted to talk with a new (online friend) when I just understood his “hello”. It’s a fact that my English is not very well, but yet I can speak in English or at least I can understand it. However, I couldn’t understand English when I was speaking on net because they use so many strange abbreviations that I’ve never seen them before. Text messaging is one of the most common net activities. Once you want to talk and interact with people on the internet, you’ll face this strange words “lol, brb, bf , gf and many others”. They are easy to remember once you practiced them. People call it IM language. This IM language seems to be the first universal language men have ever created. Yet this language has some bad effects on our daily life.



First, it reduces using a local language or your mother tongue when you are not an English speaker. Learning English is important for toady but not that funny English that never helps anyone in the formal occasions. IM doesn’t help us to learn English correctly or learn correct English at least. Because of this reason IM messaging could be a bad process of using English language as well as disusing native languages.



Second, using IM symbols leads to create inhomogeneous language, because every group on net tend to create their own abbreviation and language. You’ll believe it when you go online and see you can’t understand many of them, because they are updated or personal. This abundance leads to not creating nice atmosphere by confusing people about using language. It causes a bad result when people decide to create their language group because language is not an easy case for people to create. This confusion also leads new English learners to frustrate about learning English because they can’t get a little of it while they try very hard to understand and speak by it. Confusion could be a great damage which IM creates it.




Third, it reduces the beauty of language. One aspect of using language is how to use it literary. When you poetic language, you’ll be amazed directly. When you hear about intellectual language, you’ll admire how words can explain such things. With IM, the beauty of these using would be zero. Everything that you should know about language in IM era is just a few abbreviations and words that people update it and change it daily. Tendency toward digging deep into language will be less and less. Literature will lose its delighted face. IM leads people to forget about them. The problem is, with progressing techniques of communications this phenomena takes a progressive face.




Yet using IM has some advantages like efficiency of using language. Languages especially English always tends to create a better and faster way to communicate with each other. With IM English found a path to create it. When we see this creation is used universally, we know about its advantages because at last language is basically created to help people to communicate. The more efficient they can do it, the more advantage they can get from using it. In this case IM is very useful for helping us to create all over the world. Just like McDonalds and Subway which provide fast food universally, the global army which protects the world’s safety and the organization which asks for nation’s rights, we need an easy language which people can understand it without much difficulty. With IM this dream could be true. It’s not just exaggeration when we experience it.



In conclusion, IM as the other inventions in the world has some positive and negative aspects. In my point of view its bad aspects are much more than it’s good. Like it helps us to create –or to find a path- a universal language but it reduced the beauty of language as well as reducing tendency toward the correct form of a formal and useful language. Furthermore, IM most of the times is personal or belongs to a specific type of groups online, when they agree to use a new model of significant abbreviations. This universal language is not a proper one as I think because even if at last we could create a language, we create a very weak one which at last we’ll return to our native immediately.

Polygamy

Polygamy is a system of marriage which is allows a man to have more than one wife in a time. In many countries polygamy prohibited like Western countries and Europe, but in the Middle East polygamy is allowed. Most of the women have an opposite idea about polygamy, and they say that it is unfair for men to have more than one wife, while women are not allowed to have more than one husband. Polygamy prevents girls not to live immoral life or prevents them from being prostitutes. Although, Islam allowed polygamy, many other religions refused and restricted it. Polygamy is not an obligation. It is optional. A man can marry more than one wife in some circumstances, but without using force. For instance, if a woman has an illness for along time or she can't have a baby, the husband can remarry again. There are many conditions to have more than one wife. First, the husband should spent equal time with all of the wives in the house. Second, he should look after all the wives and their children and maintain good relationship with all of them.


Why are men allowed to have more than one wife, but women are not. If a man has more than one wife, and he has sex with all of them, after, the wives get pregnant, and they give birth. The children would know their mother. But, if a woman has more than one husband, and she has sex with all of the husbands, after she gets pregnant, and she gives birth. The children wouldn't know their children. Polygamy exists in Kurdistan. Some people don't agree with it especially women. People who don't agree with polygamy want to prohibit it because they think polygamy is the way to persuade women. Due to the reason that is most of the people in my country are Muslims, and they accept polygamy. They think it solves many social and domestic problems. In our country, we always have wars and enmity between tribes. We have many women who lost their husbands. Women who lost their husbands can't earn enough money for their children, so they have to work. They become prostitutes, and they sell their body for sex, in order to earn money or they persuade their small children to work. They work as a servant because they don't have a house to live in, and someone to protect them. However, polygamy have some problems. Men can't earn money for all the wives or the wives can't live together.



In conclusion, polygamy is a legal rule in Islam. It solves many problems, but sometimes, it makes some problems.

Things Are Forbidden Makes People Want Those Things All The More

There are many things are forbidden from us, whether it is because of religion, customs or the law. In every society the things that are forbidden are known, and something might be forbidden in a place while it is completely normal in somewhere else.



When, certain things are being forbidden some problems come along with them. The reason behind this is when something is forbidden people have more desire for it. It is like a nature of human beings. When, they know that they can't do something or we are not allowed to do something we get really curious about it. Sometimes, people don't have a control over this curiosity, and they might be thinking what if we tried to do it just for once and see what it is like, so that we won't be curious anymore.


For example, drugs like marijuana and alcohol that might be forbidden in some societies because of or religious reasons, or maybe something like cigarettes especially when, you are young, and your parents don't allow you to smoke. It is a completely natural result for people to want to try them whether they like it or they are just curious, but the issue with things like marijuana, alcohol, and cigarettes is that when people start doing them it will be a little bit hard to quit these habits. So, we have to believe that human beings are rational, and they know that when some things are forbidden there is a reason behind, and it is usually because they are bad.


In conclusion, it is true that forbidden things are usually wanted, and people have more desire for them, but at the same time people are rational, and they have to have control over themselves and not to do things that they know are bad just out of curiosity.

What is the working class dream?

while some people dedicate their lives to escaping their working class backgrounds others have no interest in climbing a class ladder, says Laurie Taylor in his weekly column.

Back in the early 70s, the most played record on the Essex Students' Union juke box was We've Got to Get Out of This Place by The Animals. I remember thinking when I heard this news that there was something wonderfully ironic about so many middle class students being able to enjoy the privilege of higher education while simultaneously protesting about the nature of the institution which sought to provide it.

But I also know that my irritation was strengthened by memories of people who really did feel trapped by their circumstances, who desperately desired to get out of their allocated space.

Nobody fought harder than Tony Williams. We were classmates at secondary school for several years before we became friends (I learned later that he'd been afraid to speak to me because I was what he called "a bit la-de-dah"). But even before we started sharing a social life, before we started hanging around chip shops drinking illegal pints of mild and shouting ourselves hoarse in the Boys Pen at Anfield, I knew that Tony was very different from other boys in the class.

For a start there was his handwriting. When ever I turned around during a particularly boring part of a History or RI lesson, I'd spot Tony writing his name over and over again on a blank page in his exercise book. Tony Williams. Tony Williams. Tony Williams. Tony Williams.

And if that was not strange enough, there was also the peculiar business of his voice. When I first knew Tony he'd had a basic raucous Liverpool accent. But by the time he got to the fifth form, he'd developed a much softer tone and odd way rounding his mouth as he spoke as though he was consciously forming each syllable.

I only discovered what lay behind these peculiar practices when we were firm enough friends to talk about what we might do when we left school. After I'd rather airily talked about the bohemian future I fancied for myself, Tony began, very slowly, to give me a picture of his intended future.

And what a picture! Tony slowly told me that what he wanted most of all in the world was to become middle-class. He wanted to get out of the poor terrace house in Bootle which he shared with his widowed dad and gradually climb the social ladder until finally he could move into his dream, into a large detached old house in a country village in the South of England. He told me that he could see this house with absolute clarity, see the ways in which the shadows of the large trees in the garden fell across the manicured lawn, see the tray of full spirit bottles sitting on the antique dresser in the corner of the oak-beamed living room.

It was the desire, the obsession, to realise this dream which informed almost every aspect of Tony's life. If he was going to escape from working class life then he'd have to learn to pass as middle class. This was the reason behind all those hours of handwriting practise, all those hours he'd devoted to replacing his crude scouse accent with a soft slightly over-articulated whisper.

This was also the reason why Tony was only ever to be found reading good books (Dickens and Austen) rather than the Hank Jansens which circulated in the playground. It was the reason he played Mozart at home on his wind-up gramophone rather than Frankie Laine and Johnny Ray. It was I believe the reason he married a lower middle class girl called Veronica who came from the posh part of crosby.

And it was a success story. If you want to find Tony now, all you need to do is drive to a small village in Cambridgeshire, look out for a large detached country house, and there he'll be, sitting back in a well-upholstered armchair, a large whisky in his hand, Cosi Fan Tutte on the Cd player.
He's a very successful solicitor, a man of means, a local figure. He has realised his dream. He's got out of the working class and become so thoroughly middle class that one-one would ever imagine his origins.

But not all working-class children and teenagers ascribe to that dream. Despite being offered a whole set of choice points in their lives where they might leave their proletarian roots behind and take a different track to their parents, they still decide, sometimes unthinkingly, to stay where they feel comfortable, to stay true to their class of origin.

Alaska and Hawaii

Both of Alaska and Hawaii offer excellent accommodations like the quality of hotels in Alaska is quiet good, likewise there is a wide range of excellent hotels and condos in Hawaii. Accommodation in Alaska vary from basic to luxury, while in Hawaii from luxury to budget priced. The climate in Hawaii and Alaska is quiet interesting. It often rains during the summer in Hawaii, whereas it seldom rains during the summer in Alaska. It can be hot and humid in Hawaii in the summer, on the other hand the temperature is perfect in Alaska during the summer andthere is no humidity. Both of Alaska and Hawaii have the natural beauty. The glaciers in Alaska are awesome, in contrast the beaches in Hawaii are among the most beautiful in the world. Hawaii has Volcano National Park and Waimea Canyon, while Alaska has the Chugach Mountains and Mount McKinley, the highest mountain in North America.